[
 {
  "id": "aviloo-2026",
  "title": "AVILOO Certified EV Battery Report (first edition) – median SoH at 50,000 / 100,000 / 150,000 km for 20 models",
  "publisher": "AVILOO GmbH (Austria)",
  "published": "2026-09-03",
  "accessed": "2026-10-20",
  "url": "https://aviloo.com/en/blog/buying-a-used-electric-car-why-the-odometer-reading-alone-says-nothing-about-the-battery",
  "urlAlt": "https://exhibitorsearch.messefrankfurt.com/images/original/document_downloads/10000007202601/488701/1787741796528_3580279887.pdf",
  "method": "AVILOO FLASH Test (3-minute OBD diagnostic; SoH computed by AVILOO's statistical model, not the car's own BMS reading). >500,000 tests 2022–2026, North & South America, Europe, Australia, Asia. Per model: median and central 99% band (p0.5–p99.5). Battery sizes are grouped under one model name.",
  "region": "Global",
  "type": "independent-test-dataset",
  "notes": "Figures taken from the per-model tables in AVILOO Magazine Edition 2/2026 (benchmark model v1.1.0). Media coverage (e.g. Electrek) rounds some values slightly differently."
 },
 {
  "id": "aviloo-2026-deep",
  "title": "AVILOO Certified EV Battery Report – variant-specific deep dive (Model Y 78.8 kWh, ID.4 77 kWh, IONIQ 5 72.6 kWh, Leaf ZE1 40 kWh)",
  "publisher": "AVILOO GmbH (Austria)",
  "published": "2026-09-03",
  "accessed": "2026-10-20",
  "url": "https://aviloo.com/en/blog/buying-a-used-electric-car-why-the-odometer-reading-alone-says-nothing-about-the-battery",
  "urlAlt": "https://exhibitorsearch.messefrankfurt.com/images/original/document_downloads/10000007202601/488701/1787741796528_3580279887.pdf",
  "method": "Same FLASH Test dataset, restricted to one battery variant per model, so values differ slightly from the grouped model table.",
  "region": "Global",
  "type": "independent-test-dataset"
 },
 {
  "id": "riddermarks-2026",
  "title": "10 000 svenska batteritest – så presterar begagnade elbilsmodeller (Riddermarks Bil results, reported by Ny Teknik)",
  "publisher": "Ny Teknik / Riddermarks Bil (Sweden)",
  "published": "2026-06-18",
  "accessed": "2026-10-20",
  "url": "https://www.nyteknik.se/elbilar/10-000-svenska-batteritest-sa-presterar-begagnade-elbilsmodeller/4474638",
  "method": "10,434 AVILOO quick tests on used cars sold by a Swedish dealer group; average SoH per model/battery variant, number of tests, share above 90% SoH and average mileage. Only models with >15 tests listed.",
  "region": "Sweden",
  "type": "dealer-test-dataset"
 },
 {
  "id": "carla-2026-models",
  "title": "Elbilsmodellerna med högst batterihälsa efter 10 000 mil (Carla EV Battery Study 2026)",
  "publisher": "Carla AB (Swedish used-EV retailer)",
  "published": "2026-07-08",
  "accessed": "2026-10-20",
  "url": "https://www.carla.se/magasinet/elbilsmarknaden/elbilsmodellerna-med-hogst-batterihalsa-efter-10-000-mil",
  "method": "9,954 AVILOO battery tests in Sweden 2022–2026; average SoH of cars with more than 100,000 km (10,000 Swedish mil). Only models with a sufficient number of tests (top 20 published). Cross-sectional, not the same cars over time.",
  "region": "Sweden",
  "type": "dealer-test-dataset"
 },
 {
  "id": "carla-2026-mileage",
  "title": "Batteriernas livslängd mil för mil (Carla EV Battery Study 2026)",
  "publisher": "Carla AB",
  "published": "2026-06-26",
  "accessed": "2026-10-20",
  "url": "https://www.carla.se/magasinet/elbilsmarknaden/elbilsbatteriernas-livslangd-mil-for-mil",
  "method": "Same 9,954 AVILOO tests, all models combined, average SoH by mileage band.",
  "region": "Sweden",
  "type": "dealer-test-dataset"
 },
 {
  "id": "adac-id3-longterm",
  "title": "VW ID.3 nach 220.000 Kilometern im Dauertest",
  "publisher": "ADAC (German automobile club)",
  "published": "undated page (latest reading 220,158 km)",
  "accessed": "2026-10-20",
  "url": "https://www.adac.de/rund-ums-fahrzeug/autokatalog/autotest/vw-id3-dauertest/",
  "method": "Single long-term test car (ID.3 Pro S, 77 kWh net). Repeated AVILOO Premium tests (stated tolerance ±3 percentage points). Car frequently charged to 100% and often rapid-charged.",
  "region": "Germany",
  "type": "long-term-test (n=1)"
 },
 {
  "id": "adac-used-guide",
  "title": "Gebrauchtes Elektroauto kaufen: Worauf man unbedingt achten sollte",
  "publisher": "ADAC",
  "published": "2026",
  "accessed": "2026-10-20",
  "url": "https://www.adac.de/rund-ums-fahrzeug/elektromobilitaet/elektroauto/elektroautos-gebraucht-kaufen-2026/",
  "method": "ADAC experts' minimum expected SoH by mileage, based on their long-term tests and experience (all models).",
  "region": "Germany",
  "type": "expert-guideline"
 },
 {
  "id": "tesla-impact-2023",
  "title": "Tesla 2023 Impact Report – battery capacity retention, Model 3/Y Long Range",
  "publisher": "Tesla, Inc.",
  "published": "2024",
  "accessed": "2026-10-20",
  "url": "https://www.tesla.com/impact",
  "urlAlt": "https://insideevs.com/news/723734/tesla-model-3y-battery-capacity-degradation-200000miles/",
  "method": "Manufacturer fleet data; average capacity retention vs distance for Model 3 / Model Y Long Range packs. Manufacturer-published, not independently verified.",
  "region": "Global (Tesla fleet)",
  "type": "manufacturer-data"
 },
 {
  "id": "generational-2025",
  "title": "Generational 2025 Battery Performance Index – Industry Benchmark Report",
  "publisher": "Generational (UK)",
  "published": "2026-02",
  "accessed": "2026-10-20",
  "url": "https://generational.ac/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Generational-2025-Battery-Performance-Index-Industry-Benchmark-Report.pdf",
  "method": ">8,000 UK battery health assessments in 2025 (BEV + PHEV, cars + vans, 36 makes). SoH percentiles by vehicle age, all models combined.",
  "region": "UK",
  "type": "independent-test-dataset"
 },
 {
  "id": "geotab-2025",
  "title": "EV Battery Health: Key Findings from 22,700 Vehicle Data Analysis",
  "publisher": "Geotab",
  "published": "2026-04-28 (2025 analysis)",
  "accessed": "2026-10-20",
  "url": "https://www.geotab.com/blog/ev-battery-health/",
  "method": "Telematics data from 22,700 fleet EVs, 21 make-models (anonymised). Average degradation rate per year.",
  "region": "Global fleets",
  "type": "telematics-study",
  "urlAlt": "https://www.geotab.com/uk/blog/ev-battery-health/"
 },
 {
  "id": "fdrive-ioniq-2022",
  "title": "Nechali jsme změřit kapacitu baterie elektromobilů Hyundai Ioniq Electric – o kolik klesne po 224 tisících kilometrech?",
  "publisher": "fDrive.cz",
  "published": "2022-04-09",
  "accessed": "2026-10-20",
  "url": "https://fdrive.cz/clanky/test-nechali-jsme-zmerit-kapacitu-baterie-elektromobilu-hyundai-ioniq-electric-o-kolik-klesne-po-224tisicich-kilometrech-8798",
  "method": "Two individual cars (2018 Ioniq Electric 28 kWh); measured discharge on a ~103 km motorway run with logging. Capacity loss vs 28 kWh nominal.",
  "region": "Czech Republic",
  "type": "single-vehicle-test (n=1 each)"
 },
 {
  "id": "nyland-i3-60ah",
  "title": "BMW i3 22 kWh degradation test after approx. 2000 cycles (7 years/175k km)",
  "publisher": "Bjørn Nyland (video, via EVSHIFT transcript)",
  "published": "undated on page",
  "accessed": "2026-10-20",
  "url": "https://www.evshift.com/255485/bmw-i3-22-kwh-degradation-test-after-approx-2000-cycles-7-years-175k-km/",
  "method": "One 2016 BMW i3 60 Ah. Drive test confirmed 16.1 kWh usable vs 18.8 kWh when new (BMS-reported SoH 84%).",
  "region": "Norway",
  "type": "single-vehicle-test (n=1)"
 },
 {
  "id": "nissan-uk-warranty",
  "title": "Nissan Warranty (UK)",
  "publisher": "Nissan UK",
  "published": "current page",
  "accessed": "2026-10-20",
  "url": "https://www.nissan.co.uk/owners/car-warranty.html",
  "type": "manufacturer-warranty"
 },
 {
  "id": "tesla-uk-warranty",
  "title": "Vehicle Warranty | Tesla Support United Kingdom",
  "publisher": "Tesla UK",
  "published": "current page",
  "accessed": "2026-10-20",
  "url": "https://www.tesla.com/en_gb/support/vehicle-warranty",
  "type": "manufacturer-warranty"
 },
 {
  "id": "hyundai-uk-warranty",
  "title": "Hyundai UK Warranty Terms and Conditions (July 2024)",
  "publisher": "Hyundai Motor UK",
  "published": "2024-07",
  "accessed": "2026-10-20",
  "url": "https://dmassets.hyundai.com/is/content/hyundaiautoever/Hyundai_UK_Warranty_Terms_and_Conditions_July_2024pdf",
  "type": "manufacturer-warranty"
 },
 {
  "id": "kia-uk-warranty",
  "title": "Terms and Exclusions: Kia 7 Year Warranty",
  "publisher": "Kia UK",
  "published": "current page",
  "accessed": "2026-10-20",
  "url": "https://www.kia.com/uk/owners/insurance-and-warranty/7-year-warranty/terms-and-exclusions/",
  "type": "manufacturer-warranty"
 },
 {
  "id": "vw-id3-adac-press",
  "title": "Über 90 Prozent Kapazität: Batterie des ID.3 überzeugt im 160.000-Kilometer-Dauertest des ADAC",
  "publisher": "Volkswagen Newsroom",
  "published": "current page",
  "accessed": "2026-10-20",
  "url": "https://www.volkswagen-newsroom.com/de/pressemitteilungen/ueber-90-prozent-kapazitaet-batterie-des-id3-ueberzeugt-im-160000-kilometer-dauertest-des-adac-19433",
  "type": "manufacturer-statement"
 },
 {
  "id": "bmw-uk-warranty",
  "title": "BMW Car Warranties – BMW Electric Warranty",
  "publisher": "BMW UK",
  "published": "current page",
  "accessed": "2026-10-20",
  "url": "https://www.bmw.co.uk/en/topics/owners/service-workshop/warranties.html",
  "type": "manufacturer-warranty"
 },
 {
  "id": "renault-ze-warranty",
  "title": "Terms and conditions Renault Z.E. Warranty (models registered 18 Dec 2019 – 30 Jun 2020)",
  "publisher": "Renault UK",
  "published": "current page",
  "accessed": "2026-10-20",
  "url": "https://www.renault.co.uk/warranty/renault-ze-warranty-dec2019.html",
  "type": "manufacturer-warranty"
 },
 {
  "id": "recurrent-leaf",
  "title": "Used Nissan Leaf Range & Battery Health (Real-world Data)",
  "publisher": "Recurrent (US)",
  "published": "current page",
  "accessed": "2026-10-20",
  "url": "https://www.recurrentauto.com/guides/nissan-leaf",
  "method": "US owner community data; expressed as % of original RANGE (not SoH), all Leaf generations mixed.",
  "region": "USA",
  "type": "connected-car-data"
 },
 {
  "id": "electrifying-used-2025",
  "title": "Record sales of used EVs in 2025 (SMMT figures)",
  "publisher": "Electrifying.com",
  "published": "2026",
  "accessed": "2026-10-20",
  "url": "https://www.electrifying.com/blog/article/used-ev-market-up-a-massive-46-in-2025",
  "type": "market-data",
  "method": "Reports SMMT 2025 UK used-car data: 274,815 used BEV transactions; Model 3 the most popular used EV (~10%), then Leaf, Model Y, Kia Niro, VW ID.3."
 },
 {
  "id": "cinch-2025",
  "title": "Car-buying trends of 2025 revealed – top 10 selling EVs on cinch",
  "publisher": "cinch (UK)",
  "published": "2026",
  "accessed": "2026-10-20",
  "url": "https://www.cinch.co.uk/news/cars-in-demand",
  "type": "market-data",
  "method": "Top-selling used EVs on one UK online retailer in 2025: Model 3, Leaf, Kona Electric, MINI, e-Niro, ID.3, Model Y, Corsa-e, I-Pace, Zoe."
 },
 {
  "id": "startline-2026",
  "title": "More than half wouldn't buy a used electric car without a battery health check",
  "publisher": "Startline Motor Finance (APD Global Research)",
  "published": "2026-08-17",
  "accessed": "2026-10-20",
  "url": "https://www.startlinemotorfinance.com/news/half-wouldnt-buy-used-ev-without-battery-health-check/",
  "type": "survey",
  "method": "300 consumers and 60 dealers, UK."
 },
 {
  "id": "mg-uk-warranty",
  "title": "Warranty Statement for All MG Models Including Electric & Hybrid Vehicles (registered on or after 01/09/2019)",
  "publisher": "MG Motor UK",
  "published": "online statement dated 01/01/2025",
  "accessed": "2026-10-20",
  "url": "https://www.mg.co.uk/sites/default/files/2025-02/MG_Online_Warranty_Statement_01_01_2025.pdf",
  "urlAlt": "https://www.mg.co.uk/warranty",
  "type": "manufacturer-warranty",
  "notes": "Vehicle 7 years/80,000 miles; lithium-ion high-voltage battery listed at 96 months/100,000 miles, \"<70% of original capacity from 01/01/2024\"; private hire/taxi EVs 3 years/60,000 (or 80,000) miles, but \"from 01/01/2025 the Lithium-Ion High Voltage Battery in all cases is covered for 8 years or 100,000 miles\"."
 },
 {
  "id": "byd-uk-warranty",
  "title": "BYD Limited Warranty Manual – EEA, UK, Switzerland (except Tang 2021 & Han)",
  "publisher": "BYD",
  "published": "current manual (file ref. 260609)",
  "accessed": "2026-10-20",
  "url": "https://www.byd.com/material/warranty-manual-260609/BYD%20Limited%20Warranty%20Manual%20-%20EEA,%20UK,%20Switzerland-EN%20-%20Except%20TANG2021&HAN.pdf",
  "urlAlt": "https://bydukmedia.com/en/news-articles/byd-extends-warranty-of-blade-battery-to-eight-years-or-250,000km.html",
  "type": "manufacturer-warranty",
  "notes": "Power battery: 96 months or 250,000 km (155,350 miles), SOH ≥ 70%. Basic coverage 72 months/150,000 km."
 },
 {
  "id": "polestar-uk-warranty",
  "title": "Warranty FAQs | Polestar UK",
  "publisher": "Polestar UK",
  "published": "current page",
  "accessed": "2026-10-20",
  "url": "https://www.polestar.com/uk/support/faq/warranty/",
  "type": "manufacturer-warranty"
 },
 {
  "id": "volvo-uk-warranty",
  "title": "Volvo Warranty | Volvo Cars UK",
  "publisher": "Volvo Cars UK",
  "published": "current page",
  "accessed": "2026-10-20",
  "url": "https://www.volvocars.com/uk/l/volvo-warranty/",
  "type": "manufacturer-warranty"
 },
 {
  "id": "gwm-ora-uk-warranty",
  "title": "GWM ORA 03 Service & Warranty booklet (UK, 2025)",
  "publisher": "GWM UK",
  "published": "2025-02 (file date)",
  "accessed": "2026-10-20",
  "url": "https://gwmcars.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/ORA_ServiceWarranty_2025_FINAL-002.pdf",
  "type": "manufacturer-warranty"
 },
 {
  "id": "xpeng-uk-warranty",
  "title": "XPENG G6 Vehicle Warranty (UK leaflet)",
  "publisher": "XPENG UK",
  "published": "2025-06 (file date)",
  "accessed": "2026-10-20",
  "url": "https://xpengcars.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/VehicleWarranty.pdf",
  "type": "manufacturer-warranty",
  "notes": "States an eight-year or 100,000-mile battery warranty; the leaflet does not state a capacity threshold."
 },
 {
  "id": "nio-de-warranty",
  "title": "NIO Service (Germany) – Garantie",
  "publisher": "NIO Germany",
  "published": "page states \"Stand November 2025\"",
  "accessed": "2026-10-20",
  "url": "https://www.nio.com/de_DE/nio-service",
  "type": "manufacturer-warranty",
  "notes": "\"Garantie von 8 Jahren oder 160.000 km auf die NIO Batterie\"; ET5/ET5 Touring basic warranty 3 years or 90,000 km (extendable)."
 },
 {
  "id": "smart-uk-warranty",
  "title": "smart vehicle Warranty Terms (UK)",
  "publisher": "smart UK Automotive Ltd",
  "published": "2025-03-21 (version date)",
  "accessed": "2026-10-20",
  "url": "https://uk.smart.com/en/service/warranty-terms/",
  "type": "manufacturer-warranty"
 },
 {
  "id": "dacia-uk-spring-warranty",
  "title": "How many years is the battery warranty? (Dacia Spring FAQ)",
  "publisher": "Dacia UK",
  "published": "current page",
  "accessed": "2026-10-20",
  "url": "https://www.dacia.co.uk/faqs/electric-vehicles/battery-warranty.html",
  "type": "manufacturer-warranty"
 },
 {
  "id": "evdb-mg4",
  "title": "MG MG4 EV Standard Range / Long Range / Extended Range / XPOWER (MY22-25) – specifications",
  "publisher": "EV Database (ev-database.org)",
  "published": "current pages",
  "accessed": "2026-10-20",
  "url": "https://ev-database.org/uk/car/1707/MG-MG4-EV-Standard-Range",
  "urlAlt": "https://ev-database.org/uk/car/1708/MG-MG4-EV-Long-Range",
  "type": "specification-database",
  "notes": "Standard Range 51.0 kWh nominal, LFP; Long Range 64.0 kWh, NMC; Extended Range 77.0 kWh, NMC; XPOWER 64.0 kWh, NMC. Other pages: /uk/car/1708, /uk/car/1973, /uk/car/1944."
 },
 {
  "id": "evdb-mg-zs",
  "title": "MG ZS EV (2019-2021), Standard Range (2022-2025), Long Range (2021-2025) – specifications",
  "publisher": "EV Database (ev-database.org)",
  "published": "current pages",
  "accessed": "2026-10-20",
  "url": "https://ev-database.org/uk/car/1541/MG-ZS-EV-Long-Range",
  "urlAlt": "https://ev-database.org/car/1201/MG-ZS-EV",
  "type": "specification-database",
  "notes": "2019-2021: 44.5 kWh nominal, NMC. Standard Range 2022-2025: 51.1 kWh nominal (chemistry not listed). Long Range 2021-2025: 72.6 kWh nominal, NMC. Other pages: /car/1201, /uk/car/1540."
 },
 {
  "id": "evdb-mg5",
  "title": "MG MG5 EV (2020-2022) and MG5 Electric Standard/Long Range (2022-2025) – specifications",
  "publisher": "EV Database (ev-database.org)",
  "published": "current pages",
  "accessed": "2026-10-20",
  "url": "https://ev-database.org/car/1646/MG-MG5-Electric-Standard-Range",
  "urlAlt": "https://ev-database.org/car/1474/MG-MG5-Electric-Long-Range",
  "type": "specification-database",
  "notes": "Pre-facelift MG5 EV 52.5 kWh and Long Range 61.1 kWh (chemistry not listed); facelift Standard Range 50.3 kWh LFP; facelift Long Range 61.1 kWh NMC. Other pages: /uk/car/1313, /uk/car/1526, /car/1474."
 },
 {
  "id": "evdb-byd-atto3",
  "title": "BYD ATTO 3 (MY23-24, MY25) – specifications",
  "publisher": "EV Database (ev-database.org)",
  "published": "current pages",
  "accessed": "2026-10-20",
  "url": "https://ev-database.org/uk/car/1782/BYD-ATTO-3",
  "urlAlt": "https://ev-database.org/uk/car/3192/BYD-ATTO-3",
  "type": "specification-database",
  "notes": "60.5 kWh usable, LFP, BYD Blade (prismatic) cells."
 },
 {
  "id": "evdb-byd-dolphin",
  "title": "BYD DOLPHIN 44.9 kWh / 60.4 kWh (MY24) – specifications",
  "publisher": "EV Database (ev-database.org)",
  "published": "current pages",
  "accessed": "2026-10-20",
  "url": "https://ev-database.org/uk/car/1919/BYD-DOLPHIN-604-kWh",
  "urlAlt": "https://ev-database.org/uk/car/1917/BYD-DOLPHIN-449-kWh-Active",
  "type": "specification-database",
  "notes": "44.9 kWh and 60.5 kWh usable, LFP, BYD Blade cells."
 },
 {
  "id": "evdb-byd-seal",
  "title": "BYD SEAL 82.5 kWh RWD Design / AWD Excellence (MY23-25) – specifications",
  "publisher": "EV Database (ev-database.org)",
  "published": "current pages",
  "accessed": "2026-10-20",
  "url": "https://ev-database.org/uk/car/2001/BYD-SEAL-825-kWh-RWD-Design",
  "urlAlt": "https://ev-database.org/uk/car/2002/BYD-SEAL-825-kWh-AWD-Excellence",
  "type": "specification-database",
  "notes": "82.5 kWh usable, LFP, BYD Blade cells."
 },
 {
  "id": "evdb-ora",
  "title": "ORA Funky Cat First Edition (2022-2023), GWM ORA 03 Pure / GT (2024-2026) – specifications",
  "publisher": "EV Database (ev-database.org)",
  "published": "current pages",
  "accessed": "2026-10-20",
  "url": "https://ev-database.org/uk/car/2091/GWM-ORA-03-Pure",
  "urlAlt": "https://ev-database.org/uk/car/2093/GWM-ORA-03-GT",
  "type": "specification-database",
  "notes": "47.8 kWh nominal (45.4 kWh usable), LFP; 63.1 kWh nominal (59.3 kWh usable), NMC. Other pages: /uk/car/1781, /uk/car/2093."
 },
 {
  "id": "evdb-polestar2",
  "title": "Polestar 2 (MY21-23 and MY25 versions) – specifications",
  "publisher": "EV Database (ev-database.org)",
  "published": "current pages",
  "accessed": "2026-10-20",
  "url": "https://ev-database.org/uk/car/1487/Polestar-2-Long-Range-Single-Motor",
  "urlAlt": "https://ev-database.org/uk/car/2226/Polestar-2-Long-Range-Single-Motor",
  "type": "specification-database",
  "notes": "MY21-23: 64.0 kWh (Standard Range) and 78.0 kWh (Long Range) nominal, NMC. MY25: 70.0 kWh and 82.0 kWh nominal, NMC. Other pages: /uk/car/1486, /uk/car/1488, /uk/car/2225, /uk/car/2226."
 },
 {
  "id": "evdb-xpeng",
  "title": "XPENG G6 RWD Standard / Long Range (MY24) and XPENG P7 RWD Long Range – specifications",
  "publisher": "EV Database (ev-database.org)",
  "published": "current pages",
  "accessed": "2026-10-20",
  "url": "https://ev-database.org/uk/car/2181/XPENG-G6-RWD-Standard-Range",
  "urlAlt": "https://ev-database.org/car/1821/XPENG-P7-RWD-Long-Range",
  "type": "specification-database",
  "notes": "G6 Standard Range 66.0 kWh nominal, LFP; G6 Long Range 92.0 kWh nominal (87.5 kWh usable), NMC; P7 RWD Long Range 86.2 kWh nominal, NMC. Other pages: /uk/car/2182, /car/1821."
 },
 {
  "id": "evdb-nio-et5",
  "title": "NIO ET5 Standard Range / Long Range – specifications",
  "publisher": "EV Database (ev-database.org)",
  "published": "current pages",
  "accessed": "2026-10-20",
  "url": "https://ev-database.org/car/1786/NIO-ET5-Standard-Range",
  "urlAlt": "https://ev-database.org/car/1787/NIO-ET5-Long-Range",
  "type": "specification-database",
  "notes": "Standard Range 75.0 kWh nominal, \"LFP & NMC\"; Long Range 100.0 kWh nominal, NMC."
 },
 {
  "id": "evdb-ex30",
  "title": "Volvo EX30 Single Motor / Single Motor ER (MY24-26) – specifications",
  "publisher": "EV Database (ev-database.org)",
  "published": "current pages",
  "accessed": "2026-10-20",
  "url": "https://ev-database.org/uk/car/1909/Volvo-EX30-Single-Motor",
  "urlAlt": "https://ev-database.org/uk/car/1910/Volvo-EX30-Single-Motor-ER",
  "type": "specification-database",
  "notes": "Single Motor 51.0 kWh nominal, LFP; Single Motor ER / Twin Motor 69.0 kWh nominal, NMC."
 },
 {
  "id": "evdb-smart1",
  "title": "Smart #1 Pro+ (MY23-26) and #1 Pure (MY24) – specifications",
  "publisher": "EV Database (ev-database.org)",
  "published": "current pages",
  "accessed": "2026-10-20",
  "url": "https://ev-database.org/uk/car/1667/Smart-1-Proplus",
  "urlAlt": "https://ev-database.org/uk/car/2217/Smart-1-Pure",
  "type": "specification-database",
  "notes": "66.0 kWh nominal (62.0 kWh usable), NMC; #1 Pure 49.0 kWh nominal, LFP."
 },
 {
  "id": "evdb-spring",
  "title": "Dacia Spring Electric 45 (2024-2025) and Electric 70 (2026) – specifications",
  "publisher": "EV Database (ev-database.org)",
  "published": "current pages",
  "accessed": "2026-10-20",
  "url": "https://ev-database.org/uk/car/2126/Dacia-Spring-Electric-45",
  "urlAlt": "https://ev-database.org/uk/car/3408/Dacia-Spring-Electric-70",
  "type": "specification-database",
  "notes": "Electric 45: 26.8 kWh nominal, NMC. Electric 70 (2026): 24.3 kWh nominal, LFP."
 },
 {
  "id": "aviloo-coverage",
  "title": "Vehicle Coverage – AVILOO",
  "publisher": "AVILOO GmbH (Austria)",
  "published": "current page",
  "accessed": "2026-10-20",
  "url": "https://aviloo.com/en/vehicle-coverage",
  "type": "test-provider-info",
  "notes": "Lists MG4 51/64/77 kWh, MG5 LR 61.1 / SR 50.3 kWh, ZS EV 44.5/51.1/72.6 kWh, BYD Atto 3, Dolphin, Seal 64/82.56 kWh, GWM Ora 3 47.8/63.1 kWh, Polestar 2 (64–82 kWh), Xpeng G6 and P7, Volvo EX 30 51/69 kWh, Smart #1, Dacia Spring 27.4 kWh, Zeekr 001. NIO was not listed when checked."
 },
 {
  "id": "mg4-owner-manual",
  "title": "MG4 Owner Manual (EN)",
  "publisher": "MG Motor Europe",
  "published": "undated PDF",
  "accessed": "2026-10-20",
  "url": "https://cdn.mgmotor.eu/manuals/MG4_Owner_Manual_EN_compressed.pdf",
  "type": "manufacturer-manual",
  "notes": "\"It is recommended that an equalisation charge is carried out at regular intervals\"; \"Carrying out a full slow charge is the only way for the high voltage battery to reach the optimal equilibrium state (equalisation charge)\"; the car shows \"Please Slow-charge the Vehicle\" if one has not been done for some time."
 },
 {
  "id": "adac-mg4-urban",
  "title": "ADAC Autotest MG MG4 EV Urban (54 kWh) Premium",
  "publisher": "ADAC (Germany)",
  "published": "test PDF (undated on page)",
  "accessed": "2026-10-20",
  "url": "https://assets.adac.de/image/upload/Autodatenbank/Autotest/AT6659-mg-mg4-ev-urban-54-kwh-premium/mg-mg4-ev-urban-54-kwh-premium.pdf",
  "type": "expert-test",
  "notes": "States the MG4 Urban is on the new E3 platform and \"kein Ableger des normalen MG4\"; 53.8 kWh LFP battery; current SoH can be read in the infotainment."
 },
 {
  "id": "polestar-luqiao",
  "title": "Polestar 2 production hits 100,000",
  "publisher": "Polestar",
  "published": "2022-11-22",
  "accessed": "2026-10-20",
  "url": "https://www.polestar.com/global/news/polestar-2-production-hits-100-000/",
  "type": "manufacturer-statement",
  "notes": "\"The 100,000th Polestar 2 was recently produced in Luqiao, China.\""
 },
 {
  "id": "electrive-ex30-ghent",
  "title": "Volvo starts European production of EX30",
  "publisher": "electrive.com",
  "published": "2025-04-25",
  "accessed": "2026-10-20",
  "url": "https://www.electrive.com/2025/04/25/volvo-starts-european-production-of-ex30/",
  "urlAlt": "https://www.media.volvocars.com/uk/en-gb/media/pressreleases/347883/volvo-cars-starts-production-of-best-selling-ex30-electric-suv-in-europe",
  "type": "news",
  "notes": "\"The model was previously only built in China\" (Geely plant, Zhangjiakou); Ghent production started 25 April 2025."
 },
 {
  "id": "ev-spring-slovenia",
  "title": "Dacia Moves Spring From China to Europe to Regain Subsidies, at €17,900",
  "publisher": "EV (eletric-vehicles.com)",
  "published": "2026-09-08",
  "accessed": "2026-10-20",
  "url": "https://eletric-vehicles.com/renault/dacia/dacia-moves-spring-from-china-to-europe-to-regain-subsidies-at-e17900/",
  "type": "news",
  "notes": "Second-generation Spring is Slovenian-built, replacing \"the China-made city car\"; first generation built at Dongfeng's plant; first deliveries of the new car expected early 2027."
 },
 {
  "id": "mgevs-mg4-soh",
  "title": "SOH report MG4 (owner forum thread, page 2)",
  "publisher": "MGEVs.com owner forum",
  "published": "2026-01-09 (thread start); posts to 2026-04-20",
  "accessed": "2026-10-20",
  "url": "https://www.mgevs.com/threads/soh-report-mg4.24754/page-2",
  "type": "owner-forum",
  "notes": "Owners report SoH figures printed on MG service inspection reports (e.g. 99%/100%/95% at successive services on one car) and question how reliable car-reported SoH is."
 },
 {
  "id": "mgevs-zs-12v",
  "title": "MG ZS EV – 12V regularly dies or goes flat. What to do and How to Fix Longterm [SOLVED]",
  "publisher": "MGEVs.com owner forum",
  "published": "2024-05-21",
  "accessed": "2026-10-20",
  "url": "https://www.mgevs.com/threads/mg-zs-ev-12v-regularly-dies-or-goes-flat-what-to-do-and-how-to-fix-longterm-solved.17042/",
  "type": "owner-forum",
  "notes": "Owner reports repeated flat 12V battery on a ZS EV; dealer measured high idle 12V draw and did a hard reset; other owners describe parasitic drain from modules not sleeping and later MG software updates."
 },
 {
  "id": "nyland-tb-degradation",
  "title": "TB Test Results – Degradation sheet (Bjørn Nyland), via TB Test Results Explorer data",
  "publisher": "Bjørn Nyland / TB Test Results",
  "published": "rows dated 2021-12-19 and 2025-12-15 (MG ZS EV)",
  "accessed": "2026-10-20",
  "url": "https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1V6ucyFGKWuSQzvI8lMzvvWJHrBS82echMVJH37kwgjE/edit?gid=244400016#gid=244400016",
  "urlAlt": "https://tb-data.tordar.no/tests/degradation",
  "method": "Measured usable kWh on a full discharge/drive test vs the kWh measured when new; degradation % as published.",
  "region": "Norway / Thailand",
  "type": "single-vehicle-test (n=1)"
 },
 {
  "id": "teambhp-zs-2020",
  "title": "1,20,000 km with my 2020 ZS EV: How I calculated battery degradation",
  "publisher": "Team-BHP (owner report)",
  "published": "2024-06-10",
  "accessed": "2026-10-20",
  "url": "https://www.team-bhp.com/news/120000-km-my-2020-zs-ev-how-i-calculated-battery-degradation",
  "method": "Owner-reported SoH (measurement tool not stated); ~15% DC rapid charging, ~85% charging to 100% on AC.",
  "region": "India",
  "type": "owner-report (n=1)"
 },
 {
  "id": "mgevs-zs-taxi",
  "title": "At last, a very high mileage ZS EV under the microscope (owner forum thread about a 238,000-mile 2019 ZS EV taxi)",
  "publisher": "MGEVs.com owner forum",
  "published": "2025-06-10",
  "accessed": "2026-10-20",
  "url": "https://www.mgevs.com/threads/at-last-a-very-high-mileage-zs-ev-under-the-microscpe.21999/",
  "method": "Thread discussing a video of a 2019-plate ZS EV used as a taxi; forum members quote 91% SoH and note it \"seems to be what the car reports\" (BMS value, not an independent test).",
  "region": "UK",
  "type": "owner-forum (n=1)"
 },
 {
  "id": "cert-car360-mg4-a",
  "title": "AVILOO FLASH certificate – MG4 Electric 64.0 kWh, 16,712 mi",
  "publisher": "Car360 (Henley Cars Ltd, UK dealer) / AVILOO",
  "published": "2025-12-23",
  "accessed": "2026-10-20",
  "url": "https://www.car360.co.uk/statics/battery-health-check-pdf/4750",
  "method": "AVILOO FLASH Test certificate published by the dealer for a car it was selling. Single car (n=1). AVILOO states its SoH has a deviation of no more than 3% in at least 95% of reference measurements.",
  "region": "UK",
  "type": "single-vehicle-test (n=1)"
 },
 {
  "id": "cert-car360-mg4-b",
  "title": "AVILOO FLASH certificate – MG4 Electric 64.0 kWh, 12,789 mi",
  "publisher": "Car360 (Henley Cars Ltd, UK dealer) / AVILOO",
  "published": "2025-11-21",
  "accessed": "2026-10-20",
  "url": "https://www.car360.co.uk/statics/battery-health-check-pdf/4362",
  "method": "AVILOO FLASH Test certificate published by the dealer for a car it was selling. Single car (n=1). AVILOO states its SoH has a deviation of no more than 3% in at least 95% of reference measurements.",
  "region": "UK",
  "type": "single-vehicle-test (n=1)"
 },
 {
  "id": "cert-car360-mg4-c",
  "title": "AVILOO FLASH Test report – MG4 Electric 51.0 kWh, 14,185 mi",
  "publisher": "Car360 (Henley Cars Ltd, UK dealer) / AVILOO",
  "published": "2025-07-15",
  "accessed": "2026-10-20",
  "url": "https://car360.co.uk/statics/battery-health-check-pdf/2764",
  "method": "Older AVILOO FLASH report format: shows an AVILOO score (94/100) and the SoH read from the car's battery management system (not calculated by AVILOO). Single car (n=1).",
  "region": "UK",
  "type": "single-vehicle-test (n=1)"
 },
 {
  "id": "cert-aaa-mg4",
  "title": "AVILOO FLASH certificate – MG4 Electric 64.0 kWh, 24,879 km",
  "publisher": "AAA Auto (dealer, via nearcharger.sk) / AVILOO",
  "published": "2026-06-09",
  "accessed": "2026-10-20",
  "url": "https://nearcharger.sk/wp-content/uploads/aviloo-certificate-900585559.pdf",
  "method": "AVILOO FLASH Test certificate published by the dealer for a car it was selling. Single car (n=1). AVILOO states its SoH has a deviation of no more than 3% in at least 95% of reference measurements.",
  "region": "Slovakia",
  "type": "single-vehicle-test (n=1)"
 },
 {
  "id": "cert-crvo-mg4",
  "title": "AVILOO FLASH certificate – MG4 Electric 64.0 kWh, 42,725 km",
  "publisher": "CRVO Ingrandes (France) / AVILOO",
  "published": "2026-07-21",
  "accessed": "2026-10-20",
  "url": "https://certs.aviloo.com/pdf/2piikqhJMgIeShD72QVgGC?content-disposition=inline",
  "method": "AVILOO FLASH Test certificate published by the dealer for a car it was selling. Single car (n=1). AVILOO states its SoH has a deviation of no more than 3% in at least 95% of reference measurements.",
  "region": "France",
  "type": "single-vehicle-test (n=1)"
 },
 {
  "id": "cert-carma-mg4",
  "title": "AVILOO FLASH certificate – MG4 Electric 51.0 kWh, 35,075 km",
  "publisher": "Carma (Australian used-car retailer) / AVILOO",
  "published": "2026-09-11",
  "accessed": "2026-10-20",
  "url": "https://documents.public.carma.com.au/battery-reports/251165/report.pdf",
  "method": "AVILOO FLASH Test certificate published by the dealer for a car it was selling. Single car (n=1). AVILOO states its SoH has a deviation of no more than 3% in at least 95% of reference measurements.",
  "region": "Australia",
  "type": "single-vehicle-test (n=1)"
 },
 {
  "id": "cert-aaa-zs",
  "title": "AVILOO FLASH certificate – MG ZS EV 44.5 kWh, 52,288 km",
  "publisher": "AAA Auto (dealer, via nearcharger.sk) / AVILOO",
  "published": "2026-05-29",
  "accessed": "2026-10-20",
  "url": "https://nearcharger.sk/wp-content/uploads/aviloo-certificate-900581745.pdf",
  "method": "AVILOO FLASH Test certificate published by the dealer for a car it was selling. Single car (n=1). AVILOO states its SoH has a deviation of no more than 3% in at least 95% of reference measurements.",
  "region": "Slovakia",
  "type": "single-vehicle-test (n=1)"
 },
 {
  "id": "cert-carma-zs",
  "title": "AVILOO FLASH certificate – MG ZS EV 51.1 kWh, 34,830 km",
  "publisher": "Carma (Australian used-car retailer) / AVILOO",
  "published": "2026-08-12",
  "accessed": "2026-10-20",
  "url": "https://documents.public.carma.com.au/battery-reports/976162/report.pdf",
  "method": "AVILOO FLASH Test certificate published by the dealer for a car it was selling. Single car (n=1). AVILOO states its SoH has a deviation of no more than 3% in at least 95% of reference measurements.",
  "region": "Australia",
  "type": "single-vehicle-test (n=1)"
 },
 {
  "id": "cert-car360-atto3",
  "title": "AVILOO FLASH certificate – BYD Atto 3 60.48 kWh, 14,498 mi",
  "publisher": "Car360 (Henley Cars Ltd, UK dealer) / AVILOO",
  "published": "2025-11-27",
  "accessed": "2026-10-20",
  "url": "https://www.car360.co.uk/statics/battery-health-check-pdf/4450",
  "method": "AVILOO FLASH Test certificate published by the dealer for a car it was selling. Single car (n=1). AVILOO states its SoH has a deviation of no more than 3% in at least 95% of reference measurements.",
  "region": "UK",
  "type": "single-vehicle-test (n=1)"
 },
 {
  "id": "cert-carma-atto3-a",
  "title": "AVILOO FLASH certificate – BYD Atto 3 60.48 kWh, 39,923 km",
  "publisher": "Carma (Australian used-car retailer) / AVILOO",
  "published": "2026-08-14",
  "accessed": "2026-10-20",
  "url": "https://documents.public.carma.com.au/battery-reports/799702/report.pdf",
  "method": "AVILOO FLASH Test certificate published by the dealer for a car it was selling. Single car (n=1). AVILOO states its SoH has a deviation of no more than 3% in at least 95% of reference measurements.",
  "region": "Australia",
  "type": "single-vehicle-test (n=1)"
 },
 {
  "id": "cert-carma-atto3-b",
  "title": "AVILOO FLASH certificate – BYD Atto 3 60.48 kWh, 49,050 km",
  "publisher": "Carma (Australian used-car retailer) / AVILOO",
  "published": "2026-05-26",
  "accessed": "2026-10-20",
  "url": "https://documents.public.carma.com.au/battery-reports/436106/report.pdf",
  "method": "AVILOO FLASH Test certificate published by the dealer for a car it was selling. Single car (n=1). AVILOO states its SoH has a deviation of no more than 3% in at least 95% of reference measurements.",
  "region": "Australia",
  "type": "single-vehicle-test (n=1)"
 },
 {
  "id": "cert-carma-dolphin",
  "title": "AVILOO FLASH certificate – BYD Dolphin 60.48 kWh, 7,902 km",
  "publisher": "Carma (Australian used-car retailer) / AVILOO",
  "published": "2026-07-14",
  "accessed": "2026-10-20",
  "url": "https://documents.public.carma.com.au/battery-reports/589322/report.pdf",
  "method": "AVILOO FLASH Test certificate published by the dealer for a car it was selling. Single car (n=1). AVILOO states its SoH has a deviation of no more than 3% in at least 95% of reference measurements.",
  "region": "Australia",
  "type": "single-vehicle-test (n=1)"
 },
 {
  "id": "cert-carma-seal",
  "title": "AVILOO FLASH certificate – BYD Seal 82.56 kWh, 50,559 km",
  "publisher": "Carma (Australian used-car retailer) / AVILOO",
  "published": "2026-05-25",
  "accessed": "2026-10-20",
  "url": "https://documents.public.carma.com.au/battery-reports/453232/report.pdf",
  "method": "AVILOO FLASH Test certificate published by the dealer for a car it was selling. Single car (n=1). AVILOO states its SoH has a deviation of no more than 3% in at least 95% of reference measurements.",
  "region": "Australia",
  "type": "single-vehicle-test (n=1)"
 },
 {
  "id": "cert-aaa-polestar2",
  "title": "AVILOO FLASH certificate – Polestar 2 78 kWh, 117,697 km",
  "publisher": "AAA Auto (dealer, via nearcharger.cz) / AVILOO",
  "published": "2026-06-26",
  "accessed": "2026-10-20",
  "url": "https://nearcharger.cz/wp-content/uploads/soh-certificate-134.pdf",
  "method": "AVILOO FLASH Test certificate published by the dealer for a car it was selling. Single car (n=1). AVILOO states its SoH has a deviation of no more than 3% in at least 95% of reference measurements.",
  "region": "Czech Republic",
  "type": "single-vehicle-test (n=1)"
 },
 {
  "id": "cert-carla-polestar2",
  "title": "AVILOO FLASH Test report – Polestar 2 78 kWh, 46,103 km",
  "publisher": "Carla AB (Swedish used-EV retailer) / AVILOO",
  "published": "2023-06-14",
  "accessed": "2026-10-20",
  "url": "https://assets.ctfassets.net/jyl3c0cp0pqs/7tzoJv76LpKCydtwJF6Osx/7d6789002be690f56b6b78f0001bb7c9/AVILOO-Flash-Test-Polestar-2_-_78_kWh-LPSVSEDEEML001717-2023-06-14.pdf",
  "method": "Older AVILOO FLASH report format: AVILOO score (94/100) plus the SoH read from the car's battery management system (not calculated by AVILOO). Single car (n=1).",
  "region": "Sweden",
  "type": "single-vehicle-test (n=1)"
 },
 {
  "id": "cert-polestar-brandt",
  "title": "Polestar Certifikat – Hälsotillstånd för högspänningsbatteri (Polestar 2, 2024, 71,068 km)",
  "publisher": "Polestar / Brandt Personbilar AB Skövde (via Wayke)",
  "published": "2026-08-25",
  "accessed": "2026-10-20",
  "url": "https://cdn.wayke.se/documents/a4d1a9ca-a2ab-4768-97d9-5ffcc52ede82/149597d8-a41c-4e8c-bc08-9705fec153ab/b2241423-5e92-438c-bd4d-0caefd633bb2.pdf",
  "method": "Polestar's own battery state-of-health certificate issued by a workshop: cyclable capacity at 25°C vs nominal capacity at beginning of life, based on measured cyclable capacity and the expected degradation trend. Single car (n=1).",
  "region": "Sweden",
  "type": "single-vehicle-test (n=1)"
 },
 {
  "id": "cert-moba-polestar2",
  "title": "Battery certificate (Moba) – Polestar 2 Long Range Dual Motor, 76,737 km",
  "publisher": "Moba (get-moba.com), via Wayke",
  "published": "2026-10-13",
  "accessed": "2026-10-20",
  "url": "https://cdn.wayke.se/documents/51968eb2-69b7-4de6-a5e0-c4464d3ae267/01a13a59-6e31-7f17-9f21-7a35e1e21f62/426c569c-f78c-49f5-9950-267e747bf5e4.pdf",
  "method": "Moba certificate: \"SOH generated from vehicle own data, as considered for the manufacturer's warranty\" (74.37 of 79 kWh usable). Single car (n=1).",
  "region": "Sweden",
  "type": "single-vehicle-test (n=1)"
 },
 {
  "id": "cert-crvo-ex30",
  "title": "AVILOO FLASH certificate – Volvo EX 30 51 kWh, 9,086 km",
  "publisher": "CRVO Lyon (France) / AVILOO",
  "published": "2026-04-02",
  "accessed": "2026-10-20",
  "url": "https://certs.aviloo.com/pdf/6EGijv389KmlkzkPo2jMY3?content-disposition=inline",
  "method": "AVILOO FLASH Test certificate published by the dealer for a car it was selling. Single car (n=1). AVILOO states its SoH has a deviation of no more than 3% in at least 95% of reference measurements.",
  "region": "France",
  "type": "single-vehicle-test (n=1)"
 },
 {
  "id": "cert-motorforum-ex30",
  "title": "AVILOO FLASH certificate – Volvo EX 30 69 kWh, 34,637 km",
  "publisher": "Motor Forum AS Oslo (Norway, via Wayke) / AVILOO",
  "published": "2026-09-23",
  "accessed": "2026-10-20",
  "url": "https://cdn.wayke.se/documents/e17fceef-4054-44b1-81e3-4ed5f2c8eba2/4d2c6354-0180-4792-bcc0-1d5af693ca0b/c26a6245-0137-4b91-a3b6-ecc8c6c2b8aa.pdf",
  "method": "AVILOO FLASH Test certificate published by the dealer for a car it was selling. Single car (n=1). AVILOO states its SoH has a deviation of no more than 3% in at least 95% of reference measurements.",
  "region": "Norway",
  "type": "single-vehicle-test (n=1)"
 },
 {
  "id": "cert-crvo-spring-a",
  "title": "AVILOO FLASH certificate – Dacia Spring Electric 27.4 kWh, 59,040 km",
  "publisher": "CRVO Lens (France) / AVILOO",
  "published": "2026-05-05",
  "accessed": "2026-10-20",
  "url": "https://certs.aviloo.com/pdf/1JDi6FTgh8QEoiOxZrEZqv?content-disposition=inline",
  "method": "AVILOO FLASH Test certificate published by the dealer for a car it was selling. Single car (n=1). AVILOO states its SoH has a deviation of no more than 3% in at least 95% of reference measurements.",
  "region": "France",
  "type": "single-vehicle-test (n=1)"
 },
 {
  "id": "cert-crvo-spring-b",
  "title": "AVILOO FLASH certificate – Dacia Spring Electric 27.4 kWh, 19,614 km",
  "publisher": "CRVO Lyon (France) / AVILOO",
  "published": "2026-04-09",
  "accessed": "2026-10-20",
  "url": "https://certs.aviloo.com/pdf/2L0bHiM41pYweysntRlGuB?content-disposition=inline",
  "method": "AVILOO FLASH Test certificate published by the dealer for a car it was selling. Single car (n=1). AVILOO states its SoH has a deviation of no more than 3% in at least 95% of reference measurements.",
  "region": "France",
  "type": "single-vehicle-test (n=1)"
 },
 {
  "id": "cert-crvo-spring-c",
  "title": "AVILOO FLASH certificate – Dacia Spring Electric 27.4 kWh, 55,838 km",
  "publisher": "CRVO Lens (France) / AVILOO",
  "published": "2026-03-09",
  "accessed": "2026-10-20",
  "url": "https://certs.aviloo.com/pdf/3Jpo1PhAsGNbxpARa8ywx8?content-disposition=inline",
  "method": "AVILOO FLASH Test certificate published by the dealer for a car it was selling. Single car (n=1). AVILOO states its SoH has a deviation of no more than 3% in at least 95% of reference measurements.",
  "region": "France",
  "type": "single-vehicle-test (n=1)"
 },
 {
  "id": "cert-crvo-spring-d",
  "title": "AVILOO FLASH certificate – Dacia Spring Electric 27.4 kWh, 43,726 km",
  "publisher": "CRVO Lens (France) / AVILOO",
  "published": "2026-04-20",
  "accessed": "2026-10-20",
  "url": "https://certs.aviloo.com/pdf/4T5dlp4Sbh2zOH2Ha6u57r?content-disposition=inline",
  "method": "AVILOO FLASH Test certificate published by the dealer for a car it was selling. Single car (n=1). AVILOO states its SoH has a deviation of no more than 3% in at least 95% of reference measurements.",
  "region": "France",
  "type": "single-vehicle-test (n=1)"
 },
 {
  "id": "cert-crvo-spring-e",
  "title": "AVILOO FLASH certificate – Dacia Spring Electric 27.4 kWh, 44,221 km",
  "publisher": "CRVO Lens (France) / AVILOO",
  "published": "2026-04-30",
  "accessed": "2026-10-20",
  "url": "https://certs.aviloo.com/pdf/yQnbr9zGoL4WYBBXgb1fe?content-disposition=inline",
  "method": "AVILOO FLASH Test certificate published by the dealer for a car it was selling. Single car (n=1). AVILOO states its SoH has a deviation of no more than 3% in at least 95% of reference measurements.",
  "region": "France",
  "type": "single-vehicle-test (n=1)"
 },
 {
  "id": "cert-car360-zs-inconclusive",
  "title": "AVILOO FLASH certificate – MG ZS EV 72.6 kWh (test inconclusive, no SoH value)",
  "publisher": "Car360 (Henley Cars Ltd, UK dealer) / AVILOO",
  "published": "2025-11-18",
  "accessed": "2026-10-20",
  "url": "https://www.car360.co.uk/statics/battery-health-check-pdf/4296",
  "method": "FLASH test where the checks failed and no SoH, energy or range value was produced; AVILOO advises repeating the test.",
  "region": "UK",
  "type": "single-vehicle-test (n=1)"
 },
 {
  "id": "recurrent-tesla-model-3",
  "title": "Used Tesla Model 3 Range & Battery Health (Real-world Data)",
  "publisher": "Recurrent (US)",
  "published": "current page",
  "url": "https://www.recurrentauto.com/guides/tesla-model-3",
  "method": "US connected-car data from the Recurrent community (over 1 billion miles). Published as expected % of ORIGINAL RANGE after 3 and 5 years, not a measured SoH; model years and battery sizes mixed.",
  "region": "USA",
  "type": "connected-car-data",
  "accessed": "2026-10-20"
 },
 {
  "id": "recurrent-tesla-model-y",
  "title": "Used Tesla Model Y Range & Battery Health (Real-world Data)",
  "publisher": "Recurrent (US)",
  "published": "current page",
  "url": "https://www.recurrentauto.com/guides/tesla-model-y",
  "method": "US connected-car data from the Recurrent community (over 1 billion miles). Published as expected % of ORIGINAL RANGE after 3 and 5 years, not a measured SoH; model years and battery sizes mixed.",
  "region": "USA",
  "type": "connected-car-data",
  "accessed": "2026-10-20"
 },
 {
  "id": "recurrent-hyundai-ioniq-5",
  "title": "Used Hyundai IONIQ 5 Range & Battery Health (Real-world Data)",
  "publisher": "Recurrent (US)",
  "published": "current page",
  "url": "https://www.recurrentauto.com/guides/hyundai-ioniq-5",
  "method": "US connected-car data from the Recurrent community (over 1 billion miles). Published as expected % of ORIGINAL RANGE after 3 and 5 years, not a measured SoH; model years and battery sizes mixed.",
  "region": "USA",
  "type": "connected-car-data",
  "accessed": "2026-10-20"
 },
 {
  "id": "recurrent-kia-ev6",
  "title": "Used Kia EV6 Range & Battery Health (Real-world Data)",
  "publisher": "Recurrent (US)",
  "published": "current page",
  "url": "https://www.recurrentauto.com/guides/kia-ev6",
  "method": "US connected-car data from the Recurrent community (over 1 billion miles). Published as expected % of ORIGINAL RANGE after 3 and 5 years, not a measured SoH; model years and battery sizes mixed.",
  "region": "USA",
  "type": "connected-car-data",
  "accessed": "2026-10-20"
 },
 {
  "id": "recurrent-bmw-i3",
  "title": "Used BMW i3 Range & Battery Health (Real-world Data)",
  "publisher": "Recurrent (US)",
  "published": "current page",
  "url": "https://www.recurrentauto.com/guides/bmw-i3",
  "method": "US connected-car data from the Recurrent community (over 1 billion miles). Published as expected % of ORIGINAL RANGE after 3 and 5 years, not a measured SoH; model years and battery sizes mixed.",
  "region": "USA",
  "type": "connected-car-data",
  "accessed": "2026-10-20"
 },
 {
  "id": "recurrent-hyundai-kona-electric",
  "title": "Used Hyundai Kona Electric Range & Battery Health (Real-world Data)",
  "publisher": "Recurrent (US)",
  "published": "current page",
  "url": "https://www.recurrentauto.com/guides/hyundai-kona-ev",
  "method": "US connected-car data from the Recurrent community (over 1 billion miles). Published as expected % of ORIGINAL RANGE after 3 and 5 years, not a measured SoH; model years and battery sizes mixed.",
  "region": "USA",
  "type": "connected-car-data",
  "accessed": "2026-10-20"
 },
 {
  "id": "which-2026",
  "title": "Electric car battery degradation: fact or fiction? (Which? car survey 2025)",
  "publisher": "Which? (UK)",
  "published": "2026-04-29",
  "url": "https://www.which.co.uk/news/article/revealed-is-electric-car-battery-degradation-an-issue-ax2v51l9FJhJ",
  "method": "Survey of 4,444 UK owners who bought their EV new (April–June 2025); self-reported remaining range vs new, by registration year. Self-reported range, not measured SoH.",
  "region": "UK",
  "type": "survey",
  "accessed": "2026-10-20"
 },
 {
  "id": "dtu-evs38-zoe",
  "title": "Battery State of Health in Renault Zoe EV: An 11-Year Case Study of the Q210 Model (EVS38 conference paper)",
  "publisher": "Technical University of Denmark (DTU) – F. Pastorelli",
  "published": "2025-06 (EVS38, Gothenburg, 15–18 June 2025)",
  "url": "https://evs38-program.org/images/Proceedings/A%20Vehicle%20&%20Transportation%20Systems/263_Battery%20State%20of%20Health%20in%20Renault%20Zoe%20EV%20An%2011-Year%20Case%20Study%20of%20the%20Q210%20Model.pdf",
  "method": "BMS SoH read non-invasively over the CAN bus on one 2013 Zoe Q210 (22 kWh usable) over ~11 years.",
  "region": "Denmark",
  "type": "academic-paper (n=1)",
  "accessed": "2026-10-20"
 },
 {
  "id": "mgevs-mg5-goodbye",
  "title": "Goodbye… (MG5 owner thread)",
  "publisher": "MGEVs.com owner forum",
  "published": "2026-04-09",
  "url": "https://www.mgevs.com/threads/goodbye%E2%80%A6.25757/",
  "method": "Owner post: SoH readings at three points of one facelift MG5 over 35 months.",
  "region": "UK",
  "type": "owner-forum (n=1)",
  "accessed": "2026-10-20"
 },
 {
  "id": "mgevs-mg5-carscanner",
  "title": "MG5 Battery SOH on Car Scanner (owner thread)",
  "publisher": "MGEVs.com owner forum",
  "published": "posts dated 2025-05-18 and 2026-05-05",
  "url": "https://www.mgevs.com/threads/mg5-battery-soh-on-car-scanner.20576/",
  "method": "Owner posts with SoH read via the Car Scanner OBD app / at service.",
  "region": "UK",
  "type": "owner-forum (n=1)",
  "accessed": "2026-10-20"
 },
 {
  "id": "mgevs-mg5-degradation",
  "title": "MG5 Battery Degradation? (owner thread)",
  "publisher": "MGEVs.com owner forum",
  "published": "post dated 2022-12-03",
  "url": "https://www.mgevs.com/threads/mg5-battery-degradation.8630/",
  "method": "Owner post relaying an informal tally by Irish taxi drivers (MG5s under 1.5 years old).",
  "region": "Ireland",
  "type": "owner-forum (n=1)",
  "accessed": "2026-10-20"
 },
 {
  "id": "gwmora-holger",
  "title": "Posts by an ORA 03 Standard (300) owner: SoH log",
  "publisher": "GWM ORA Forum (owner forum, DE)",
  "published": "posts dated 2024-08-14 and 2025-05-06",
  "url": "https://www.gwm-ora-forum.de/forum/user-post-list/818-holger-vaga/",
  "method": "Owner logs the SoH shown by the ORA app/car over time.",
  "region": "EU",
  "type": "owner-forum (n=1)",
  "accessed": "2026-10-20"
 },
 {
  "id": "orafc-300pro",
  "title": "Posts by an ORA 03 300 Pro owner (SoH thread)",
  "publisher": "ORA Funky Cat Forum (owner forum, DE)",
  "published": "post dated 2025-01-22",
  "url": "https://www.ora-funkycat-forum.de/forum/user-post-list/910-ora-03-300-pro9a/",
  "method": "Owner post; SoH read by OBD adapter (matches the ORA app).",
  "region": "EU",
  "type": "owner-forum (n=1)",
  "accessed": "2026-10-20"
 },
 {
  "id": "boliden-ora-soce",
  "title": "Funky Cat: SOC Anzeige in der App – wie bei euch nach Laufleistung? (owner thread)",
  "publisher": "Bolidenforum.de (owner forum)",
  "published": "2026-08-06",
  "url": "https://www.bolidenforum.de/forum/threads/funky-cat-soc-anzeige-in-der-app-wie-bei-euch-nach-laufleistung.5244288/",
  "method": "Owners compare the battery health figure (\"SOCE\") shown in the ORA app; one participant says the app figures are not meaningful.",
  "region": "EU",
  "type": "owner-forum (n=1)",
  "accessed": "2026-10-20"
 },
 {
  "id": "ap-xpeng-g6",
  "title": "État batterie – Xpeng G6 (owner thread)",
  "publisher": "Forum Automobile Propre (owner forum, FR)",
  "published": "posts dated 2025-10-11 and 2026-03-25",
  "url": "https://forums.automobile-propre.com/topic/%C3%A9tat-batterie-72021/",
  "method": "Owners post the SoH shown by the car.",
  "region": "France",
  "type": "owner-forum (n=1)",
  "accessed": "2026-10-20"
 },
 {
  "id": "guazi-et5-2024",
  "title": "Used Nio ET5 2024 75 kWh, 29,200 km – listing with battery report",
  "publisher": "Guazi (Chinese used-car platform, export listings)",
  "published": "listing live on 2026-10-20 (first reg. 2024-02)",
  "url": "https://fr.guazi.com/products/nio-et5-2024-00l-gray-29200km-at-4wd-5-seats-52hxsl2c5x.html",
  "method": "SoH figure shown in the platform inspection report of a used car offered for export from China.",
  "region": "China",
  "type": "used-car-listing (n=1)",
  "accessed": "2026-10-20"
 },
 {
  "id": "guazi-et5-2022",
  "title": "Used Nio ET5 2022 75 kWh, 26,000 km – listing with battery report",
  "publisher": "Guazi (Chinese used-car platform, export listings)",
  "published": "listing live on 2026-10-20 (first reg. 2023-03)",
  "url": "https://fr.guazi.com/products/nio-et5-2022-00l-26000km-at-4wd-5-seats-stkwax32vc.html",
  "method": "SoH figure shown in the platform inspection report of a used car offered for export from China.",
  "region": "China",
  "type": "used-car-listing (n=1)",
  "accessed": "2026-10-20"
 },
 {
  "id": "ap-smart1-soh",
  "title": "SoH Smart # (owner thread)",
  "publisher": "Forum Automobile Propre (owner forum, FR)",
  "published": "2024-08-21",
  "url": "https://forums.automobile-propre.com/topic/soh-smart-62717/",
  "method": "Buyer quotes the SoH a dealer measured with the Smart/Mercedes diagnostic tool.",
  "region": "France",
  "type": "owner-forum (n=1)",
  "accessed": "2026-10-20"
 },
 {
  "id": "smart1forum-soh",
  "title": "SOH State of Health / Akku Alterung – Smart #1 (owner thread, page 36)",
  "publisher": "smart-1-forum.de (owner forum, DE)",
  "published": "2025-11-12",
  "url": "https://www.smart-1-forum.de/forum/thread/195-soh-state-of-health-akku-alterung-degradation-smart-1-auswirkung-auf-reichweite/?pageNo=36",
  "method": "Owner states approximate capacity loss of his car.",
  "region": "EU",
  "type": "owner-forum (n=1)",
  "accessed": "2026-10-20"
 }
]